The Art Institute of Chicago the Essentials Guide 2013

Art museum and school in Chicago, United States

Art Institute of Chicago

Every bit seen from Michigan Ave
Location within Chicago metropolitan surface area Bear witness map of Chicago metropolitan area Art Institute of Chicago (Illinois) Show map of Illinois Art Institute of Chicago (the United States) Show map of the Usa
Established	1879; in present location since 1893
Location	111 South Michigan Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60603 USA
Coordinates	41°52′46″N 87°37′26″W  /  41.87944°N 87.62389°W  / 41.87944; -87.62389 Coordinates: 41°52′46″N 87°37′26″W  /  41.87944°N 87.62389°W  / 41.87944; -87.62389
Collection size	300,000 works
Visitors	1.79 meg (2016)[ane] 365,660 (2020) (drop due to COVID-19 pandemic closures)[ii]
Director	James Rondeau
Public transit access	CTA Coach routes: (six and 28 line) 'Fifty' and Subway stations: Adams-Wabash: Chocolate-brown Line Light-green Line Orangish Line Pink Line Purple Line Monroe/Land: Red Line Monroe/Dearborn: Blueish Line Metra Railroad train: Van Buren Street Station
Website	www.artic.edu

The Art Institute of Chicago in Chicago's Grant Park, founded in 1879, is one of the oldest and largest art museums in the world. Recognized for its curatorial efforts and popularity amid visitors, the museum hosts approximately 1.five million people annually.^[3] Its collection, stewarded past 11 curatorial departments, is encyclopedic, and includes iconic works such as Georges Seurat's A Sunday on La Grande Jatte, Pablo Picasso's The One-time Guitarist, Edward Hopper's Nighthawks, and Grant Wood's American Gothic. Its permanent collection of nearly 300,000 works of art is augmented by more than than 30 special exhibitions mounted yearly that illuminate aspects of the collection and present cut-edge curatorial and scientific inquiry.

Every bit a inquiry establishment, the Fine art Institute also has a conservation and conservation science department, five conservation laboratories, and i of the largest art history and architecture libraries in the country—the Ryerson and Burnham Libraries.

The growth of the collection has warranted several additions to the museum's 1893 building, which was constructed for the World's Columbian Exposition. The most recent expansion, the Modern Wing designed by Renzo Pianoforte, opened in 2009 and increased the museum'due south footprint to nearly i million square feet, making it the second-largest art museum in the United States, afterward the Metropolitan Museum of Art.^[4] The Art Institute is associated with the Schoolhouse of the Art Constitute of Chicago, a leading fine art school, making information technology one of the few remaining unified arts institutions in the United states.

In 2017, the Art Institute received 1,619,316 visitors, and was the 35th most-visited art museum in the world.^[five] However, in 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the museum was closed for 169 days, and attendance plunged by 78 percent from 2019, to 365,660.^[six]

History [edit]

In 1866, a grouping of 35 artists founded the Chicago Academy of Blueprint in a studio on Dearborn Street, with the intent to run a free school with its ain fine art gallery. The system was modeled later European art academies, such every bit the Royal University, with Academicians and Associate Academicians. The University'southward charter was granted in March 1867.

Classes started in 1868, meeting every day at a cost of $10 per month. The Academy'southward success enabled it to build a new home for the school, a five-story stone building on 66 West Adams Street, which opened on November 22, 1870.

When the Great Chicago Burn down destroyed the building in 1871 the University was thrown into debt. Attempts to proceed despite the loss by using rented facilities failed. By 1878, the University was $10,000 in debt. Members tried to rescue the ailing establishment by making deals with local businessmen, before some finally abandoned it in 1879 to found a new organisation, named the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts. When the Chicago Academy of Design went bankrupt the same year, the new Chicago Academy of Fine Arts bought its assets at sale.

This 1893 sketch of the then new Fine art Plant of Chicago shows most of today's Grant Park still submerged nether Lake Michigan, with the railroad tracks running along the shoreline behind the Museum

In 1882, the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts changed its name to the current Art Establish of Chicago and elected as its starting time president the banker and philanthropist Charles Fifty. Hutchinson, who "is arguably the single most important individual to take shaped the direction and fortunes of the Art Constitute of Chicago".^{[vii] : 5} Hutchinson was a managing director of many prominent Chicago organizations, including the Academy of Chicago,^[8] and would transform the Art Establish into a world-class museum during his presidency, which he held until his expiry in 1924.^[9] Also in 1882, the system purchased a lot on the southwest corner of Michigan Avenue and Van Buren Street for $45,000. The existing commercial building on that property was used for the arrangement's headquarters, and a new addition was constructed behind it to provide gallery space and to house the school's facilities.^{[seven] : 19} By January 1885 the trustees recognized the need to provide additional space for the organization'south growing collection, and to this end purchased the vacant lot directly south on Michigan Avenue. The commercial building was demolished,^[10] and the noted architect John Wellborn Root was hired by Hutchinson to design a building that would create an "impressive presence" on Michigan Avenue,^{[7] : 22–23} and these facilities opened to neat fanfare in 1887.^{[7] : 24}

With the announcement of the World's Columbian Exposition to be held in 1892–93, the Art Establish pressed for a building on the lakefront to be synthetic for the fair, but to be used by the Plant later on. The metropolis agreed, and the building was completed in time for the 2d year of the fair. Structure costs were met by selling the Michigan/Van Buren property. On Oct 31, 1893, the Institute moved into the new building. For the opening reception on December 8, 1893, Theodore Thomas and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra performed.

From the early 1900s (to the 1960s the schoolhouse offered with the Logan Family (members of the board) the Logan Medal of the Arts, an award which became one of the most distinguished awards presented to artists in the US. Between 1959 and 1970, the plant was a key site in the battle to proceeds art and documentary photography a place in galleries, nether curator Hugh Edwards and his assistants.

As Director of the museum starting in the early 1980s, James North. Wood conducted a major expansion of its collection and oversaw a major renovation and expansion projection for its facilities. As "one of the most respected museum leaders in the country", every bit described past The New York Times, Wood created major exhibitions of works by Paul Gauguin, Claude Monet and Vincent van Gogh that gear up records for omnipresence at the museum. He retired from the museum in 2004.^[11]

The Constitute began construction of "The Modern Fly", an add-on situated on the southwest corner of Columbus and Monroe in the early 21st century.^[12] The projection, designed past Pritzker Prize–winning builder Renzo Pianoforte, was completed and officially opened to the public on May 16, 2009. The 264,000-square-pes (24,500 m²) building addition fabricated the Art Plant the 2d-largest art museum in the United states of america. The building houses the museum'due south world-renowned collections of 20th and 21st century art, specifically modern European painting and sculpture, contemporary art, architecture and pattern, and photography. In its inaugural survey in 2014, travel review website and forum, Tripadvisor, reviewed millions of travelers' surveys and named the Art Institute the earth'southward best museum.^[13]

The museum received peradventure the largest gift of art in its history in 2015.^[14] Collectors Stefan Edlis and Gael Neeson donated a "collection [that] is among the earth's greatest groups of postwar Popular art always assembled".^[15] The donation includes works past Andy Warhol, Jasper Johns, Cy Twombly, Jeff Koons, Charles Ray, Richard Prince, Cindy Sherman, Roy Lichtenstein and Gerhard Richter. The museum agreed to keep the donated piece of work on display for at to the lowest degree 50 years.^[15] In June 2018, the museum received a $50 meg donation, the largest unmarried announced monetary donation in its history.^[sixteen]

Collection [edit]

The collection of the Art Constitute of Chicago encompasses more than 5,000 years of human expression from cultures effectually the world and contains more than 300,000 works of fine art in 11 curatorial departments, ranging from early on Japanese prints to the art of the Byzantine Empire to contemporary American art. Information technology is principally known for one of the Us' finest collection of paintings produced in Western culture.^{[17] [18]}

African Fine art and Indian Art of the Americas [edit]

The Art Found'due south African Art and Indian Art of the Americas collections are on brandish across two galleries in the south terminate of the Michigan Avenue building. The African collection includes more than 400 works that span the continent, highlighting ceramics, garments, masks, and jewelry.^[19]

The Amerindian drove includes Native North American art and Mesoamerican and Andean works. From pottery to textiles, the collection brings together a wide array of objects that seek to illustrate the thematic and aesthetic focuses of art spanning the Americas.^[20]

American Art [edit]

The Art Institute's American Fine art drove contains some of the best-known works in the American canon, including Edward Hopper'due south Nighthawks, Grant Wood's American Gothic, and Mary Cassatt's The Child's Bath. The collection ranges from colonial silverish to modern and contemporary paintings.

The museum purchased Nighthawks in 1942 for $3,000;^{[21] [22] [23]} its acquisition "launched" the painting into "immense popular recognition".^[24] Considered an "icon of American civilisation",^{[21] [25]} Nighthawks is perchance Hopper's near famous painting, every bit well as ane of the virtually recognizable images in American art.^{[26] [27] [28]} Too well known, American Gothic has been in the museum'due south collection since 1930 and was only loaned exterior of North America for the kickoff time in 2016.^[29] Wood's painting depicts what has been called "the most famous couple in the world", a bleak, rural-American, father and daughter. It was entered into a contest at the Fine art Plant in 1930, and although not a favorite of some, it won a medal and was acquired by the museum.^{[30] [31]}

Ancient and Byzantine [edit]

The Art Institute'southward ancient collection spans near 4,000 years of art and history, showcasing Greek, Etruscan, Roman, and Egyptian sculpture, mosaics, pottery, jewelry, glass, and bronze also as a robust and well-maintained drove of ancient coins. At that place are around five,000 works in the collection, offering a comprehensive survey of the ancient and medieval Mediterranean earth, beginning with the tertiary millennium B.C. and extending to the Byzantine Empire.^[32] The drove also holds the mummy and mummy example of Paankhenamun.^{[33] [34]}

Architecture and Pattern [edit]

The Section of Architecture and Design holds more than 140,000 works, from models to drawings from the 1870s to the present day. The collection covers landscape architecture, structural engineering, and industrial design, including the works of Frank Lloyd Wright, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and Le Corbusier.^[35]

Asian Art [edit]

The Fine art Constitute's Asian collection spans nearly 5,000 years, including significant works and objects from China, Korea, Nippon, India, Southeast Asia, and the Near and Center East. There are 35,000 objects in the collection, showcasing bronzes, ceramics, and jades besides every bit textiles, screens, woodcuts, and sculptures.^[36] I gallery in particular attempts to mimic the placidity and meditative mode in which Japanese screens are traditionally viewed.

European Decorative Arts [edit]

The Art Institute'due south collection of European decorative arts includes some 25,000 objects of article of furniture, ceramics, metalwork, drinking glass, enamel, and ivory from 1100 A.D. to the present mean solar day. The department contains the one,544 objects in the Arthur Rubloff Paperweight Collection and the 68 Thorne Miniature Rooms–a collection of miniaturized interiors of a 1:12 calibration showcasing American, European, and Asian architectural and piece of furniture styles from the Middle Ages to the 1930s (when the rooms were constructed).^[37] Both the paperweights and the Thorne Rooms are located on the basis floor of the museum.

European Painting and Sculpture [edit]

The museum is most famous for its collections of Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings, widely regarded as one of the finest collections outside of French republic.^[38] Highlights include more than 30 paintings by Claude Monet, including six of his Haystacks and a number of Water Lilies. Also in the collection are important works by Pierre-Auguste Renoir such every bit Two Sisters (On the Terrace), and Gustave Caillebotte's Paris Street; Rainy Day. Post-Impressionist works include Paul Cézanne'due south The Handbasket of Apples, and Madame Cézanne in a Yellow Chair. At the Moulin Rouge by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec is another highlight. The pointillist masterpiece, which also inspired a musical and was famously featured in Ferris Bueller's Twenty-four hours Off, Georges Seurat's Sun Afternoon on La Grande Jatte—1884, is prominently displayed. Additionally, Henri Matisse'due south Bathers past a River, is an important case of his work. Highlights of non-French paintings of the Impressionist and Mail service-Impressionist collection include Vincent van Gogh's Bedroom in Arles and Self-portrait, 1887.

In the mid-1930s, the Art Establish received a gift of over one hundred works of fine art from Annie Swan Coburn ("Mr. and Mrs. Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Collection"). The "Coburn Renoirs" became the core of the Fine art Institute's Impressionist painting collection.^[39]

The drove also includes the Medieval and Renaissance Art, Arms, and Armor holdings, including the George F. Harding Drove of arms and armor,^[40] and three centuries of Onetime Masters works.^[41]

Mod and Gimmicky Fine art [edit]

The museum's collection of modern and contemporary art was significantly augmented when collectors Stefan Edlis and Gael Neeson gifted 40 plus master works to the department in 2015.^[42] Pablo Picasso's Old Guitarist, Henri Matisse's Bathers past a River, Constantin Brâncuși's Golden Bird, and René Magritte's Time Transfixed are highlights of the modern galleries, located on the 3rd floor of the Modern Fly.^[43] The contemporary installation, located on the second floor, contains works past Andy Warhol, Cindy Sherman, Cy Twombly, Jackson Pollock, Jasper Johns, and other significant modern and gimmicky artists.

Photography [edit]

The Art Institute didn't officially establish a photography drove until 1949, when Georgia O'Keeffe donated a significant portion of the Alfred Stieglitz collection to the museum.^[44] Since then, the museum'south drove has grown to approximately twenty,000 works spanning the history of the artform from its inception in 1839 to the present.

Prints and Drawings [edit]

The print and drawings collection began with a donation by Elizabeth S. Stickney of 460 works in 1887, and was organized into its own section of the museum in 1911.^[45] Their holdings have subsequently grown to xi,500 drawings and threescore,000 prints, ranging from 15th-century works to contemporary. The collection contains a stiff grouping of the works of Albrecht Dürer, Rembrandt van Rijn, Francisco Goya, and James McNeill Whistler. Because works on paper are sensitive to lite and degrade rapidly, the works are on display infrequently in order to continue them in good condition for equally long as possible.

Textiles [edit]

The Section of Textiles has more than thirteen,000 textiles and 66,000 sample swatches in total, covering an assortment of cultures from 300 B.C. to the present. From English language needlework to Japanese garments to American quilts, the collection presents a diverse grouping of objects, including gimmicky works and fiber art.^[46]

Compages [edit]

Michigan Avenue entrance today

A postcard of the Art Plant dated 1907

The current edifice at 111 South Michigan Avenue is the third address for the Art Institute. It was designed in the Beaux-Arts style by Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge of Boston^[47] for the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition as the World's Congress Auxiliary Building with the intent that the Art Institute occupy the space after the fair closed.

The Art Institute's famous western archway on Michigan Avenue is guarded by two statuary lion statues created by Edward Kemeys. The lions were unveiled on May x, 1894, each weighing more than than ii tons. The sculptor gave them unofficial names: the south lion is "stands in an mental attitude of defiance", and the north lion is "on the prowl". When a Chicago sports team plays in the championships of their respective league (i.east. the Super Bowl or Stanley Cup Finals, not the unabridged playoffs), the lions are frequently dressed in that team'due south uniform. Evergreen wreaths are placed around their necks during the Christmas season.

The due east archway of the museum is marked by the stone arch entrance to the old Chicago Stock Substitution. Designed by Louis Sullivan in 1894, the Substitution was torn down in 1972, but salvaged portions of the original trading room were brought to the Fine art Constitute and reconstructed.

The Art Institute building has the unusual property of straddling open-air railroad tracks. Ii stories of gallery space connect the e and westward buildings while the Metra Electrical and Due south Shore lines operate below. The lower level of gallery space was formerly the windowless Gunsaulus hall, but is at present home to the Alsdorf Galleries showcasing Indian, Southeast Asian and Himalayan Art. During renovation, windows facing north toward Millennium Park were added. The gallery space was designed by Renzo Piano in conjunction with his pattern of the Mod Fly and features the same window screening used at that place to protect the art from direct sunlight. The upper level formerly held the mod European galleries, but was renovated in 2008 and now features the Impressionist and Post-Impressionist galleries.

Libraries [edit]

Located on the ground floor of the museum is the Ryerson & Burnham Libraries. The Libraries' collections encompass all periods of art, but is most known for its extensive collection of 18th to 20th century compages. It serves the museum staff, higher and university students, and is also open to the general public. The Friends of the Libraries, a support group for the Libraries, offers events and special tours for its members.

Modern Wing [edit]

Fine art Institute of Chicago Modern Fly

On May sixteen, 2009, the Art Constitute opened the Mod Wing, the largest expansion in the museum's history.^[48] The 264,000-square-foot (24,500 chiliad^two) improver, designed past Renzo Piano, makes the Art Constitute the second-largest museum in the US.^[4] The architect of record in the City of Chicago for this edifice was Interactive Blueprint.^[49] The Modern Wing is home to the museum'due south collection of early on 20th-century European art, including Pablo Picasso'due south The Sometime Guitarist, Henri Matisse'due south Bathers past a River, and René Magritte's Time Transfixed. The Lindy and Edwin Bergman Collection of Surrealist art includes the largest public brandish of Joseph Cornell's works (37 boxes and collages).^[50] The Wing besides houses contemporary art from subsequently 1960; new photography, video media, architecture and design galleries including original renderings by Frank Lloyd Wright, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Bruce Goff; temporary exhibition space; shops and classrooms; a buffet and a restaurant, Terzo Piano, that overlooks Millennium Park from its terrace.^[51] In addition, the Nichols Bridgeway connects a sculpture garden on the roof of the new wing with the adjacent Millennium Park to the north and a courtyard designed by Gustafson Guthrie Nichol. In 2009, the Modern Wing won at the Chicago Innovation Awards.^[52]

Selections from the permanent collection [edit]

Note that other notable works are in the collection simply the following examples are ones in the public domain and for which pictures are available. In 2018, as it redesigned its website, the Art Institute released 52,438 of its public domain works, under the Creative Eatables Zilch (CC0) licence.^[53]

Paintings [edit]

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  Paul Cézanne, The Bay of Marseilles, view from 50'Estaque, 1885

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• 

• 

• 

• 

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  Pablo Picasso, 1904, Woman with a Helmet of Pilus, gouache on tan forest pulp board

• 

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  Kazimir Malevich, Painterly Realism of a Football Player—Color Masses in the quaternary Dimension, 1915

• 

• 

Sculptures [edit]

• 

More highlights from the collection [edit]

• 

  Ane of the Thorne Miniature Rooms, c. 1930s

• 

  Pieces from the porcelain collection in the Art Institute of Chicago

• 

  Museum hall

Governance [edit]

Attendance [edit]

During 2009, attendance was effectually ii million—upwardly 33 percent from 2008—in improver to a full of approximately 100,000 museum memberships. Despite a 25 percent boost in museum access fees, the Modern Wing was a major catalyst for a rise in visitor traffic.^[54]

Finances [edit]

As of 2011, the Art Establish continues to rebuild its $783 1000000 endowment since the recession.^[55] In June 2008, its endowment was $827 million. As of 2012, the museum is rated A1 past Moody's, its 5th-highest grade, in part reflecting the museum's pension and retirement liabilities; Standard & Poor's rates the museum A+, fifth-best. In October 2012, the Fine art Constitute sold about $100 million of taxable and tax-exempt bonds partly to shore upwardly unfunded alimony obligations.^[56]

The $294 million extension in 2009 was the culmination of a $385 million fundraising campaign—roughly $300 million for pattern and construction and $85 million for the endowment. Around $370 one thousand thousand were raised primarily from individual patrons in Chicago.^[57] In 2011, the Art Constitute received a $10 million gift from the Jaharis Family unit Foundation to renovate and expand galleries devoted to Greek, Roman and Byzantine art, too as to support acquisitions and special exhibitions of that art.^[58]

Acquisitions and deaccessioning [edit]

In 1990, the Art Institute of Chicago sold 11 works at sale, including paintings by Claude Monet, Pablo Picasso, Amedeo Modigliani, Maurice Utrillo and Edgar Degas, to raise the $12 million purchase price of a statuary sculpture, Golden Bird, by Constantin Brâncuși. At the time, the sculpture was owned past the Arts Order of Chicago, which was selling it to buy a new gallery for its other works.^[59] In 2005, the museum sold two paintings by Marc Chagall and Auguste Renoir at Sotheby's.^[60] In 2011, information technology auctioned two Picassos (Sur l'impériale traversant la Seine (1901) and Verre et pipe (1919)), Henri Matisse's Femme au fauteuil (1919), and Georges Braque's Nature morte à la guitare (rideaux rouge) (1938) at Christie's in London.^{[61] [62]}

Directors [edit]

• William Yard.R. French (1885–1914)
• Newton Carpenter (1914–1916)
• George Eggers (1918–1921)
• Robert Harshe (1921–1938)
• Daniel Catton Rich (1938–1958)
• Allen McNab (1956–1965)
• Charles Cunningham (1965–1972)
• E. Laurence Chalmers (1972–1986)
• James Due north. Wood (1980–2004)
• James Cuno (2004–2011)
• Douglas Druick (2011–2016)
• James Rondeau (2016–present)

Controversy [edit]

Direction of investments dispute [edit]

In 2002, the Art Institute of Chicago filed suit alleging fraud past a pocket-size Dallas firm called Integral Investment Direction, along with related parties. The museum, which put $43 one thousand thousand of its endowment into funds run past the defendants, claimed that information technology faced losses of up to 90% on the investments afterwards they soured.^[63]

Construction disputes [edit]

In 2010, the twelvemonth after the opening of its massive Modern Fly, the Art Institute of Chicago sued the engineering house Ove Arup for $10 million over what information technology said were flaws in the concrete floors and air-circulation systems. The suit was settled out of courtroom.^{[64] [65]}

Docent program diverseness dispute [edit]

In 2021, the Fine art Institute ended its unpaid volunteer docents programme to move to a paid model. The Chicago Tribune editorial page criticized the Intitute's letter announcing the change and the move to a new model, arguing that "[o]nce y'all cutting through the blather, the letter basically said the museum had looked critically at its corps of docents, a group dominated by mostly (just not entirely) white, retired women with some fourth dimension to spare, and found them wanting as a demographic."^[66] The Institute's director, Robert Yard. Levy, responded in a Tribune op-ed supporting the change, and described the Tribune's editorial as having "numerous inaccuracies and mischaracterizations", noted that the docent plan had already been largely on pause for the past 15 months due to the COVID pandemic, and argued that the conclusion was not near anyone's identity, it was in keeping with changing modern museum practices effectually the world.^[67]

Post-obit a volunteerism surge in the late 1940s, the program had been created in 1961 to revitalize and expand "programming for children."^[68] Among other matters, since 2014 the program had been trying to attract a more various socioeconomic perspective set of fine art-tour guides, given the unpaid fourth dimension commitment needed.^[69]

In popular culture [edit]

Director John Hughes included a sequence in the Art Institute in his 1986 pic Ferris Bueller'south Twenty-four hours Off, which is set in Chicago. During information technology the characters are shown viewing A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte. Hughes had offset visited the Institute every bit a "refuge" while in high school. Hughes' commentary on the sequence was used as a reference point by journalist Hadley Freeman in a discussion of the Republican presidential primary candidates in 2011.^[71]

The paintings used in the 1970 Parker Brothers board game Masterpiece are works held in the Art Found's collection.^{[72] [ not-principal source needed ]}

Run across also [edit]

• American Academy of Fine art
• Bessie Bennett, early 20th century Curator of Decorative Fine art
• Forest Idyll
• List of almost-visited museums in the United States
• List of museums and cultural institutions in Chicago
• Alme Meyvis
• Visual arts of Chicago

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External links [edit]

• Official website
• Art Institute'southward Impressionistic collection, YouTube

garciatheried37.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Institute_of_Chicago

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